The core body and chassis, as the basic load-bearing platform of the AGV, directly affect the stability and operational efficiency of the equipment. Modern AGV forklifts generally use high-strength steel or aluminum alloy frames, achieving structural weight reduction through optimized design. Taking a standard model with a load capacity of 1.5 tons as an example, the curb weight can be controlled within 800 kg, achieving an industry-leading load-to-weight ratio of 10:1. Regarding drive system configuration, the combination of servo motors and precision reducers has become mainstream, enabling precise speed adjustment of 0.05 m/s. Wheel system layouts show a diversified development trend: differential drive types, with a minimum turning radius of 800 mm, are suitable for operation in narrow passages; omnidirectional wheel types use Mecanum wheel technology, enabling 360° free movement in a plane; multi-axis steering types meet the needs of handling heavy materials weighing over 10 tons through hydraulic steering mechanisms.
Navigation and Positioning Technology: Modern AGV forklift navigation systems exhibit multi-technology integration characteristics. Laser navigation, using reflectors for positioning, achieves a repeatability accuracy of ±5mm, suitable for standardized factories; SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology eliminates reliance on environmental markers.
Intelligent Control System: Distributed control architecture has become the mainstream technology, with the onboard controller responsible for real-time motion control and the scheduling system enabling multi-machine collaboration. The FMS system jointly developed by Huawei and Geek+ can simultaneously schedule 200 AGVs, reducing the risk of equipment collisions to below 0.1% through dynamic path algorithms. The application of deep learning technology enables AGVs to handle abnormal operating conditions; for example, when pallet deformation is detected, the system automatically adjusts the fork insertion depth and reduces the lifting speed.
Safety Protection System: Mechanical safety design follows ISO 3691-4 standards, including technical requirements such as an emergency braking distance not exceeding 0.5m (at a speed of 1m/s) and an omnidirectional collision trigger force of less than 50N. The electrical system adopts SIL3 safety circuitry, which can cut off power within 10ms when abnormal current is detected. The laser safety scanner forms a three-level protection zone: the machine immediately stops in the danger zone within 2m, automatically reduces speed in the warning zone within 4m, and activates an early warning in the detection zone within 6m.